How to Create a Dancer Warm Up and Why it is Important
By Caroline Schmidt, ACE CPT, DWC Ambassador
pronouns: she/her | pronunciation: kay-row-line sh-midt
As a young dancer I never really considered the importance of warming up. If you looked across the room before a ballet class I remember seeing dancers sitting in their middle splits, legs on the barre stretching forward and chatting about their weekend plans. When I got to college level dance I discovered my schools recreation center and weight room. It was not until my Anatomy and Physiology class in college that I learned how to strength train and why it is so beneficial in activities like jumping and leaping that was necessary in dance. In undergrad I started personal training and discovered a warm up routine that worked for my body. The first most important thing when creating a warm up is to ask yourself what is required of me? In running you need strong legs and core, for rock climbing you need mobility and upper body strength, in swimming you need length and power. My warm up routine is a combination of yoga, running and strength training that I have found over the years!
You might ask: why do I need to warm up? I am a young dancer I can just jump right in to my dancing right? Well, there are many benefits to a good warm up. The most important thing is that it is a gentle way to start preparing your body for what is to come. If you were to do a heavy squat you wouldn’t just jump in to lifting the heaviest weight right? You start with a gentle activation of the muscles to tell them it’s time to work. It is also good for your muscles and your heart to gradually build up to movements. A warm up is also really important to decrease the likelihood of injury. If you go too hard too fast you might tear a muscle or hurt yourself.
Studies have shown the importance of a good warm up and how it can increase your performance in 79% of all aspects being analyzed. This analysis has shown that performance improvements can be seen after completion of adequate warm-up activities, and there is little evidence to suggest that warming-up is detrimental to sports participants. (Fradkin et al, 2010). There has been a large debate regarding if static stretching before activity decreases physical athletic performance. I prefer a dynamic stretching approach which you can see is built into my example warmup program. Dynamic stretching is where you are stretching throughout a range of motion however you aren't just sitting in a position for prolonged period of time. You are active and using your muscles to move through the range. I like this because it is more functional in dance! There are also some detrimental effects to just static stretching especially before you are warm enough including decreasing your ability to produce a strong muscle contraction for powerful movements like jumping and thus decreasing performance (McMillan, 2006).
I like to take a very analytical approach to my warm up. You have your major joints and its a good idea to warm up each major muscle group. Major muscle groups include: glutes/hamstrings, quads/ hip flexors, shins and calves, abdominals, chest pushers and pullers. An exercise for each with a gentle activation will start to remind these muscles it's time to work! I like to start with a whole body connection to get the blood flowing and end with a full body connection moment putting everything together. I also like to do exercises where I am not only stretching but strengthening to start to build the neural connections. This is an example warm up routine that I have found works for my body but may not necessarily for everyone!
My Warm Up Routine:
Step 1: whole body connection movement
- Sun Salutation from standing into plank and hip stretch with worlds greatest stretch
Step 2: chest pushers
- Plank shoulder taps
Step 3: back pullers
- Superman and lat pulls
Step 5: quads/ hip flexors - Bird dogs
Step 4: glutes/hamstrings - Bridges
Step 6: abdominals
- Dead bugs
Step 7: shins and calves
- Squat into a calf raise
Step 8: full body connection moment puting everything together
- Single leg RDL with arm movements (balance incorporated into the movement)
Resources
Fradkin AJ, Zazryn TR, Smoliga JM. Effects of Warming-up on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2010;24(1):140-148. doi:https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181c643a0
Kozai A, Surgenor B, Ma. The Importance of a Good Warm-Up: Are You Warm Enough to Start Dancing?; 2017. https://iadms.org/media/3598/iadms-resource-paper-the-importance-of-a-good-warm-up.pdf
McMillian DJ, Moore JH, Hatler BS, Taylor DC. Dynamic vs. Static-Stretching Warm Up: The Effect on Power and Agility Performance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2006;20(3):492. doi:https://doi.org/10.1519/18205.1
NYSMI | The Importance of Stretching and Warm Up Exercises Before Physical Activity. Accessed August 24, 2023. https://nysportsmedicineinstitute.com/the-importance-of-stretching-and-warm-up-exercises-before- physical-activity/#:~:text=Warming%20up%20exercises%20increase%20blood
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